I’m an architect who studies the rules, materials and data that decide what gets built, and builds tools that make them open to challenge.
Fifteen years in practice, including research at OMA/AMO and regenerative masterplanning in Africa and the Caribbean, led me from designing buildings to asking what shapes them.
My doctoral work in critical urban theory and regenerative design follows that question through planning policy (a 652-site audit of English planning; Your Planning Voice), material supply chains (Atelier Terre, a circular-economy framework for earth construction) and public data. Where I use AI, it proposes and explicit rules check.
Each tool pairs an AI model that proposes with explicit rules that check.
An open-source platform that adapts the UKGBC circular-economy framework to compressed-earth construction in Marrakesh. A single catalogue of 41 materials and 9 block products is the source of truth, generating a web platform, IFC export, and a native Revit workflow that draws, counts, and checks every block. Developed with a producer in Marrakech.
A tool that helps community groups draft planning objections grounded in planning policy. An AI model drafts, and rule-based checks stop anything the evidence doesn’t support. It has been used on three live cases (Carrington Moss, Lapwing Green Spaces, Mowbray BESS) and is developed with the Community Planning Alliance.
A tool that assesses how novel a piece of research is by comparing it with retrieved prior work. Tested on the Liu & Zhai (2026) benchmark. An earlier version received a Special Mention in the UKRI Metascience Novelty Indicators Challenge, and a calibration study with SPRU at the University of Sussex is in development.
A system for generating and screening drug-repurposing hypotheses for rare diseases, with human review before any lead is used. Under a collaboration agreement with the Platt Lab at the University of Oxford, one of its predictions will be tested experimentally.
A decarbonisation planning tool for public-sector estates that links AI-generated proposals to established energy and carbon models. Tested on Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Lewisham Council Housing and Bournemouth University.
An experimental layer that monitors an AI model while it runs and halts it when its behaviour becomes inconsistent. Described in the two Constitutional Physics preprints.
Smaller experiments include a regenerative-governance model (Trinity), a music-inference engine (Aura-Echo), a Passivhaus compliance checker (Oikos) and a design for an automated discovery loop.
Doctoral research on the consultation stage of English planning.
My doctoral work audits 652 contested planning sites, drawn from 852 community submissions and cross-referenced against 65 government datasets. The main findings are:
Fifteen years of architecture and urban design practice, from hospital and higher-education buildings in the UK to masterplans and infrastructure studies in the Gulf, North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean and the United States. The portfolio brings together selected projects from this work.
Practice, research and an independent lab.
Independent research lab building and testing the tools above.
Regenerative masterplans across Zambia, Gabon, Zimbabwe and Jamaica, using the Five Capitals framework.
Participatory design for a community development project in Trenton, NJ: housing, heritage restoration and land justice.
Village-scale regeneration model combining circular-economy metrics, traditional construction and artisan cooperatives.
Sustainability strategy for Sohar Smart City, Oman.
Design to RIBA Stage 1 for the New Specialist Hospital Building, Royal Victoria Infirmary.
Led design development on mixed-use and higher-education projects in the UK and Ireland, including Maiden Castle Sport Hall and Northumbria School of Architecture.
Urban design for infrastructure projects under Rem Koolhaas, alongside research on spatial practices in Gulf cities.
Residential towers and masterplan projects in Spain and the Gulf.
Projects under I.M. Pei, including the Regione Lombardia Headquarters.
Two preprints, one article, and two papers in preparation.
Professor Gavin Parker, planning studies; co-author.
Professor Paul O’Hare.
Sarah Otner and Joshua Moon, on the DNI calibration study.
Professor Frances Platt’s lab, on Ariadne.
Dr Tomas Veloz; co-author.
National Innovation Centre for Data.
Community Planning Alliance, Planning Aid England, CPRE, Better Planning Coalition.
TypeScript, Python, R, SQL; React, Next.js, Node.js, Flask, Postgres; LLM API integration, symbolic reasoning (Z3), evolutionary algorithms.
QGIS, ArcGIS, Leaflet, Mapbox, GeoServer/WFS, ONS Open Geography; Revit and Revit API (pyRevit), IFC (IfcOpenShell), Rhino, CAD.
Non-parametric tests, logistic regression, spatial autocorrelation, multiple-comparison correction; qualitative methods (focus groups, interviews, grounded theory).
Adobe Creative Suite (InDesign, Illustrator), 3D modelling, architectural documentation.